Balanced rat nuggets/mix plus fresh veg and protein
Time
Daily interaction and out-of-cage time
Cost
Medium
Overview
The fancy rat is an intelligent, sociable domesticated rodent often regarded as one of the more interactive small pets.
Rats can bond with their keepers, learn simple tasks and enjoy genuine interaction.
They are social and should not be kept alone, needing at least one same-sex companion.
Their main drawbacks are a short lifespan and a high rate of tumours and respiratory disease.
Housing
Provide a tall, multi-level wire cage with bars suitable for climbing, large enough for at least two rats, with bar spacing close enough to prevent escape.
Fill it with hammocks, ropes, platforms, hides and tunnels.
Use dust-free, low-ammonia bedding and avoid pine and cedar.
Daily out-of-cage time in a safe, supervised space is essential for exercise and bonding.
Keep the cage clean, well-ventilated and out of draughts and direct sun.
Diet
Feed a balanced commercial rat nugget or a well-formulated grain mix as the staple, supplemented with daily fresh vegetables, occasional fruit and small amounts of cooked protein.
Variety supports their omnivorous nature.
Provide constant fresh water from a bottle.
Limit fatty, sugary and salty human foods to prevent obesity.
Foraging toys and scatter feeding give useful mental stimulation for these intelligent animals.
Health
Rats are very prone to respiratory infections, particularly mycoplasma, so clean, dust-free, well-ventilated housing is crucial; watch for sneezing, porphyrin (red) staining and laboured breathing.
Mammary and pituitary tumours are common, especially in females.
Their short lifespan means health can decline quickly.
Neutering can reduce some tumours and hormonal aggression.
Find a rat-experienced exotics vet early, as prompt treatment greatly improves outcomes.
Temperament
Fancy rats are generally gentle and clever, often seeking out their owners, riding on shoulders and learning to respond to their names.
With regular handling they become interactive companions.
They are highly social and do best in same-sex groups, grooming and sleeping in a pile together.
A lone rat suffers, so keep two or more, introducing newcomers carefully to maintain a harmonious group.
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate
Intermediate